Leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from normal and Maedi–Visna‐infected sheep

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage has proven helpful for the diagnosis of certain ovine diseases of the lungs. There is insufficient data concerning the leukocyte profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from MaediVisna infected sheep. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the differential leukocyte profile of BALF associated with Maedi virus infection in sheep and to determine whether cytologic examination of BALF is an effective way to diagnose Maedi or determine the severity of lung lesions. Methods: BALF and serum samples were analyzed from 400 sheep. Sediment smears of bronchoalveolar lavage were stained with Diff‐Quik and examined microscopically to obtain a 200‐cell differential cell count. Serum was tested using a commercial kit for Maedi–Visna virus antibodies. Lung samples obtained at the time of slaughter were weighed and examined histologically. Results: Maedi‐infected sheep (n=267; seropositive with lung lesions) had a significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes and lower percentage of macrophages in BALF than normal sheep (n=133; seronegative and no lung lesions). These differences were significantly more severe in animals with advanced vs moderate lung lesions. Using classification trees, a cut‐off of 13.5% lymphocytes was predictive of Maedi infection and a cut‐off of 24.5% lymphocytes was predictive of advanced lung lesions. Conclusions: Cytologic examination of BALF is useful for the clinical diagnosis of Maedi in sheep and provides important information about the severity of the lung lesions.     

不同比例游离脂肪酸对体外发酵参数的影响

采用体外培养方法研究添加不同比例的亚油酸和亚麻酸对瘤胃发酵的影响。以微晶纤维素为发酵底物,混合酸的添加量为5mg,添加比例分别为0∶0、5∶0、4∶1、3∶2、1∶1、2∶3、1∶4和0∶5,每个处理设4个重复。结果表明:随着游离脂肪酸不饱和度的增加提高了培养液中pH值和NH3-N浓度,降低了挥发脂肪酸、24h微晶纤维素的消失率和产气量。     

SLC7A11基因与动物色素的形成

黑色素广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的生理功能。SLC7A11基因是新近发现的功能新基因控制脱黑色素合成从而影响到真黑色素与总黑色素的比例,进而改变了动物的毛色和肤色。综述了黑色素的形成过程,并详细分析总结了SLC7A11基因特征及其变异对动物肤色的影响,为研究乌骨绵羊和乌骨鸡乌质性状形成的分子基础提供依据。     

青海细毛羊周岁公母羊羊毛细度测定

为了查明青海细毛羊的羊毛细度,青海省三角城种羊场与农业部新疆羊毛羊绒质量监督检验测试中心合作于2007年8月份对青海细毛羊周岁公母羊共计90份羊毛毛样进行了细度分析。结果表明：周岁公羊的羊毛平均细度为20．43±1．72μm,周岁母羊的羊毛平均细度为18．37±1．39μm;变异系数为公羊8．4％,母羊为7．6％。     

微卫星标记ILSTS011在3个绵羊品种中的遗传多样性分析

为了分析微卫星标记ILSTS011的遗传多态性,研究以河南省地方绵羊品种大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离微卫星标记的带型.结果表明:在3个绵羊品种中均检测到微卫星标记ILSTS011有3个等位基因,微卫星标记ILSTS011的平均杂合度为0.614 1,平均有效等位基因数为2.614 0,平均多态信息含量为0.551 3.说明ILSTS011为高度多态基因座,可作为有效的遗传标记用于大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊的遗传多样性分析.     

哈萨克羊、阿勒泰羊、巴什拜羊遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用11对AFLP引物组合,检测了哈萨克羊、阿勒泰羊、巴什拜羊池DNA遗传变异,构建了各品种的AFLP DNA 指纹图谱,根据AFLP分析结果,统计了每个引物组合在各品种中检测到的多态性条带,计算了3个品种的遗传相似系数,并据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图,分析了它们的遗传关系.结果表明:11对AFLP引物组合在3个地方绵羊品种中共检测到310条带,平均每个引物组合产生28.18条带,变化范围在25～34条,其中多态性条带32条,占扩增总带教的10.32%,每对引物平均扩增多态性带2.909条.品种间的遗传相似系数以哈萨克绵羊与阿勒泰绵羊的最高(O.699),哈萨克绵羊与巴什拜绵羊最小(0.592),聚类结果与这些羊的育成史、分化及地理分布一致.     

Evaluation of Awassi genotypes for improved milk production in Syria

A performance evaluation, conducted between 2003 and 2005, compared the milk production of three genotypes of Awassi ewes: Turkish (T), Syrian (S) and the F1-cross between the Turkish and Syrian ewes (TS), at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) experimental farm in Tel Hadya (northern Syria). After weaning, which occurred at 56days, milk yield and milking length were measured weekly during the milking period (n = 381). Milk yield of TS and T ewes were 12% and 30% higher, respectively, than S ewes. Milk yield and milking length of TS ewes reflected additive inheritance and did not differ from the parental genotypes' average (p ≥ 0.199). Culling of low producing ewes in 2003 and 2004 also resulted in increased milk yield. Dams of all genotypes displayed similar weights at birth (p = 0.898) and weaning (p ≥ 0.677). The latter suggests dams of the different genotypes olerated equally the pre-weaning lactation load. Performance tended to improve as ewes aged, with milk yield and milking length peaking at 3years of age (p > 0.05). Ewe lambing weight, birth–weaning ewe weight decline, litter size, and litter weight weaned peaked at 4–5years of age (p ≤ 0.016). With the exception of birth–weaning ewe weight decline, year effects influenced the traits under study (p ≤ 0.035). Excluding litter size, the best performance was in 2005, followed by 2003 and 2004. Milk yield increased with litter size at weaning (b = 18.7; p = 0.024). The lambing–weaning ewe weight decline (3.6kg) and ewe productivity (0.46kg litter weaned weight per kg ewe weight) did not differ between genotypes (p ≥ 0.178). Average litter size was 1.15, with the TS ewes displaying the largest litter size (1.23; p = 0.026). Single lambs were 25% heavier than twins at birth averaging 4.73kg and 3.8kg, respectively. Male lambs were 4% heavier than female lambs at birth (p < 0.0001) and 9.3% heavier at weaning (p < 0.0001). Lamb birth weights, weaning weights and daily weight gains were similar for all genotypes (p ≥ 0.210). The average proportion of fat (5.95%), crude protein (5.19%) and solids non-fat (11.29%) in the milk varied across genotypes where S < TS < T (p ≤ 0.0037). F1 crosses with T increased the productivity of S ewes by 12.2%. It is noteworthy that this occurred under improved feeding and may not be recommended for other conditions. Culling low producing ewes led to a 12.8% increase in milk yield, which could translate into a substantial boost in revenue for farmers rearing traditional sheep flocks in milk producing areas.     

巴音布鲁克羊生长规律的研究

选择0～6月龄的纯种巴音布鲁克羊羔羊和巴音布鲁克羊经济杂交羔羊,在自然放牧状态下,观察羔羊生长规律及经济杂交效果。通过对母羊妊娠后期进行补饲,研究补饲对羔羊产后生长的影响。结果表明,巴音布鲁克羊从出生到6月龄的过程中,2～3月龄增长最快,其次是1～2月龄、0～1月龄;4～5月龄体重下降,5～6月龄又开始增加。妊娠后期母羊补饲对羔羊产后生长没有明显影响,经济杂交羔羊杂交优势明显,公、母羔羊累计生长体重均极显著高于纯种巴音布鲁克羔羊。所以根据羔羊生长规律,加强羔羊生长高峰期营养和管理,是提高巴音布鲁克羊经济效益的重要措施。     

羊传染性脓疱病的流行及诊治

本文主要对羊传染性脓疤病在我国的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防治等方面进行了概述,以便对该病的诊断和防治提供参考。     

Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen in Soils with Contrasting Fertility Was Regulated Differently by Addition of Biochar and Animal Manures

ABSTRACT

How to restore the soil fertility and productivity in a damaged and then reclaimed area with extremely low fertility is a big concern worldwide. To explore the method of soil restoration in the coal mining subsidence area, the effects of biochar application coupled with organic fertilizer (animal manures) on the process of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization were studied in a 149 days leaching experiment. Biochar were applied (wt/wt) at the rates of 0%, 1%, and 3%. Two organic fertilizers with different C/N ratio (chicken and sheep manures) were applied at the rate of 200 mg N·kg^?1 soil. A vegetable soil with high-fertility was used as the comparison. The results showed that when treated with chicken manure, the reclaimed soil had 11.13% lower mineralization potential and 20.00% lower inorganic nitrogen production from mineralization than the vegetable soil. Compared with the non-biochar treatment, biochar at both application rates decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated reclaimed soil, i.e., by 21.49% (1% biochar) and 28.31% (3% biochar), respectively, whereas only high rate of biochar application decreased N leaching in chicken manure-treated vegetable soil by 8.10%. However, N leaching in sheep manure-treated reclaimed soil was unaffected by the biochar application. Thus, the effect of the biochar on the organic nitrogen mineralization was affected by both soil and organic fertilizer type.